Substitutions

CHOCOLATE

Cocoa Powder-Dutch Processed – 3 Tbsp:

  • 3 Tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1/8 tsp baking soda
  • 3 Tbsp carob powder
Cocoa Powder-Unsweetened – 3 Tbsp:
  • 3 Tbsp Dutch-processed cocoa (omit baking soda?)
Semisweet Baking Chocolate – 1 Ounce:
  • 1 ounce unsweetened baking chocolate plus 1 Tbsp sugar
Sweet Baking Chocolate – 1 Ounce:
  • 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder plus 4 teaspoons sugar and 1 tablespoon butter, shortening or vegetable oil
Unsweetened Baking Chocolate – 1 Ounce:
  • 3 Tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1 Tbsp melted shortening
DAIRY

 Butter (salted) – 1 Cup:
  • 7/8 to 1 cup shortening (Crisco) plus 1/2 tsp salt
  • 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 tsp salt
  • 1 cup margarine
  • 7/8 cup oil plus 1/2 tsp salt
Buttermilk or Sour Milk – 1 Cup:
  • 1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup; let stand 10 minutes
  • 1 cup plain yogurt
Heavy Cream – 1 Cup:
  • 3/4 cup milk and 1/3 cup butter or margarine (for use in cooking or baking, not for whipping)
Light Cream – 1 Cup:
  • 7/8 c. milk plus 3 Tbsp melted  butter (for cooking and baking, not for whipping)
Sour Cream – 1 Cup:
  • 1 cup plain yogurt
 FLOUR

 Biscuit Mix (Bisquick) – 1 Cup:
  • 1 cup flour + 1-1/2 tsp baking powder +1/2 tsp salt; cut in 1 Tbsp shortening
 Cake Flour – 1 Cup:
  • 1-7/8 cups all-purpose flour (1 cup minus 2 Tbsp)
Self-Rising Flour – 1 Cup:
  • 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1-1/2 tsp baking powder and 1/2 tsp salt
Whole Wheat Pastry Flour – 1 Cup:
  • 1/2 cup cake flour plus 1/2 cup whole wheat flour
Wheat Germ (substitute 1:1):
  • Bran, ground nuts, ground flax seed, ground sunflower seeds, fine cornflake crumbs, corn meal, oatmeal
LEAVENING

Baking Powder - 1 Teaspoon:
  • 1/4 tsp baking soda plus 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
Yeast:
  • Active Dry Yeast = 1.3  * amount of instant yeast
  • Instant Yeast = .75  * amount of active dry yeast
SPICES

Pumpkin Pie Spice – 1 Teaspoon:
  • 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/4 tsp ground ginger +1/8 tsp ground allspice + 1/8 tsp ground nutmeg
Raw Ginger – 1 Tbsp Grated:
  • 1/2 tsp powdered ginger
SUGAR

Brown Sugar – 1 Cup, Packed):
  • 1 cup white sugar mixed with 2 Tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup
Granulated Sugar – 1 Cup:
  • 1 cup powdered sugar
  • 1 cup brown sugar, packed
  • 3/4 cup honey (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup and add 1 tsp baking soda)
Honey – 1 Cup:
  • 1-1/4 cup granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup water

Strawberries!

Strawberries!
"Love just doesn't sit there, like a stone, it has to be made, like bread; re-made all the time, made new."
–Ursula K. LeGuin

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